|
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: 0974-4304, ISSN(Online): 2455-9563 Vol.9, No.6, pp 293-298, 2016
|
Chemical composition of Elamit Menta longifolia(L.)Huds
Mahnaz Mardani1, Omid Afsordeh2, Zohreh Eftekhari3,
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei4*, Fariba Bahmani2, Marzieh Rashidipour5
1Nutritional Health Research Center, Health and Nutritional Department, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3Research & Development Department, Research & Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
4Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
5Young Researchres and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
Abstract : Oregano plant with the scientific name of Mentha longifolia L. and genius of Mentha is owned by the Lamiaceae family. In traditional medicine it is used to treat nausea, bronchitis, bloating and loss of appetite. It also has carminative, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the chemical composition of Mentha native to Ilam Province was examined. Initially, the essential oil was extracted and analyzed with chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results obtained from the GC-MS method SMPE, it became clear that there were 55 active ingredients in the essential oil. Phytochemical analysis showed that beta-Phellandrene, α-PINENE, trans-Caryophyllene and β-Myrcene constituted respectively 19.95%, 17.85%, 10.15% and 9.15% of the ingredients of Oregano plant native to Ilam which most known composition of oregano isolated from Ilam Province plant was beta-Phellandrene (19.95%).
Keywords: Medicinal herbs, essential oils, oregano Elamite, beta-Phellandrene.
Introduction
Oregano plant with the scientific name of Mentha longifolia L. and genius of Mentha is owned by the Lamiaceae family (1). Basically, it is grown in wet places such as rivers and grows across the temperate regions of central and southern Europe, southwest Asia and Australia. Leaves, flowers and stems of grass species are used in herbal tea or as an additive in commercial spice mixtures for flavoring foods. This plant has been traditionally used to treat nausea, bronchitis, emphysema and anorexia (2). Oregano is an aromatic plant that the aerial parts of the plant have medicinal properties (1). The Mentha genus has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant and anti-fungal effect (3, 4). Oregano herb in traditional medicine is used as a carminative, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory remedy. Traditionally, decoction of the plant is used for the treatment of fibrosis and cervical cancer (5, 6).In this study, the chemical composition of Mentha native to Ilam Province was determined.
MahnazMardaniet al/International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016,9(6),pp 293-298. 294
Materials and Methods
Preparation of medicinal plant
In this study, specimens of the plant of pennyroyal were taken from different parts of Ilam province during 22 to 30 November 2014 (Table 1). 10 samples of pennyroyal plant were collected. The plant was submitted to Natural Resources Research Center of Ilam province for authentication and analysis.
Used part |
Essential oil or extract |
Growth form |
Altitude (m a.s.l) |
Longitude |
Latitude |
Province |
Region |
Plant family |
Species |
Areal organs |
Essential oil |
perennial |
683-790 |
13◦33 E |
58◦26 N |
Ilam (West of Iran) |
Meyme-zarinabad |
Lamiaceae |
Mentalongifolia(L.) Huds |
Carrier gas: He (99.999%); Injection type: Split 1:60, Library: Wiley 7n, Injector temperature: 250˚C, Flow rate: 0.9 ml/min, Injection volume: 0.2 µL, Solvent delay: 4 min.
Gas chromatograph Instrument:
Gas chromatograph: Agilent 6890N coupled to Agilent 5973 mass detector; Column: HP-5, 30m (length) × 0.25 mm (ID) × 0.25 µm( stationary phase thickness); Injector type: split/ splitless; Column temperature program:
Rate(⁰C/min) |
Temperature (⁰C) |
Hold (min) |
- |
55 |
- |
5 |
190 |
- |
10 |
250 |
0.00 |
Isolation of the essential oil
For total phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antigiardial activity assessment tests, the essential oils were prepared by Clevenger-type apparatus. The fresh aerial parts of M. longifoliaplant (separately) were dried inside for 6 days at room temperature (25±3◦C), and the ground to fine a powder using Moulinex® food processor. The essential oil was extracted from 100 g of ground tissue in 400 ml of water contained in a 2 L flask and heated by heating jacket at 60◦C for 4 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus, according to producers outlined British Pharmacopoeia. The essential oil yield was 0.80% (w/w) for M. longifolia.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis
The essential oils were analyzed using an Agilent 6890N coupled to Agilent 5973 mass detector gas chromatograph with a HP-5MS 5% phenylmethylsiloxane capillary column (HP-5, 30m (length) × 0.25 mm (ID) × 0.25 µm ( stationary phase thickness)). Oven temperature was kept at 55 ◦C for 4 min initially, and then raised at the rate of 4 ◦C/min to 250 ◦C. Injector temperatures were set at 250 ◦C, respectively. Helium (99.999%) was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min; l samples were injected manually in the split mode. Peaks area percent were used for obtaining quantitative data. The gas chromatograph was coupled to an Agilent 6890N coupled to Agilent 5973 mass detector mass selective detector. Retention indices were calculated for all components using a homologous series of n-alkanes (C5–C24) injected in conditions equal to samples. Identification of oil components was accomplished based on comparison of their retention times with those of authentic standards and by comparison of their mass spectral fragmentation patterns (WILLEY/ChemStation data system).
Results
Based on the results obtained, there were 55 active ingredient in the essential oil (Table 2). Phytochemical analysis showed that beta-Phellandrene, α-PINENE, trans-Caryophyllene and β-Myrcene respectively contained 19.95%, 17.85%, 10.15% and 9.15% of the ingredients of Oregano plant native to Ilam which most known composition was beta-Phellandrene (19.95%). Details Phytochemical analysis of Oregano is specified in Table 2.
MahnazMardaniet al/International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016,9(6),pp 293-298. 295
Table 2. Analysis of phytochemical essential oil of oregano in Ilam
No. |
Compound |
KI |
% |
1 |
2-Hexenal |
920 |
0.23 |
2 |
α-PINENE |
931 |
17.85 |
3 |
Sabinene |
966 |
5.01 |
4 |
β-Myrcene |
988 |
9.15 |
5 |
l-Phellandrene |
994 |
0.84 |
6 |
α- TERPINENE |
1014 |
0.12 |
7 |
beta-Phellandrene |
1035 |
19.95 |
8 |
3-Carene |
1046 |
0.33 |
10 |
cis-sabinene hydrate |
1066 |
0.28 |
12 |
Linalool |
1097 |
0.15 |
13 |
beta.-Sesquiphellandrene |
1148 |
0.06 |
15 |
Alloocimene |
1176 |
0.59 |
17 |
α-Terpineol |
1180 |
0.29 |
21 |
1-Pentadecene |
1224 |
6.82 |
22 |
Thymol |
1289 |
0.09 |
25 |
Bicycloelemene |
1325 |
1.55 |
26 |
Copaene |
1378 |
2.71 |
28 |
β-Cubebene |
1386 |
0.22 |
29 |
β-elemene |
1394 |
0.40 |
30 |
α-Gurjunene |
1406 |
0.34 |
32 |
trans-Caryophyllene |
1418 |
10.15 |
33 |
ɤ-Cadinene |
1424 |
0.70 |
34 |
α-Bergamotene |
1439 |
1.19 |
35 |
Zingiberene |
1447 |
0.20 |
36 |
α- Muurolene |
1456 |
0.34 |
37 |
trans-β-Farnesene |
1468 |
4.06 |
38 |
Calarene |
1472 |
0.35 |
40 |
β-Himachalene |
1480 |
0.35 |
41 |
GERMACRENE-D |
1485 |
3.98 |
42 |
ɤ-Cadinene |
1489 |
0.51 |
43 |
bicyclogermacrene |
1492 |
2.18 |
44 |
β.-Bisabolene |
1512 |
0.67 |
45 |
α Amorphene |
1524 |
0.76 |
46 |
δ-Cadinene |
1538 |
3.10 |
47 |
α-BISABOLENE |
1549 |
0.70 |
48 |
sesquisabinene hydrate |
1562 |
0.13 |
49 |
Spathulenol |
1571 |
0.25 |
50 |
Caryophyllene oxide |
1589 |
0.27 |
53 |
Aromadendrene |
1620 |
0.13 |
55 |
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate |
1840 |
3.03 |
Discussion
The results of a phytochemical study showed that, Pulegon with 31.54% is the most active ingredient of plant (7). Unlike the previous study, beta-Phellandrene in Menthalongifolia L native to Ilam is the main composition. Mint which one of the most important plants, have been used as a medicinal plant to treat stomach ache as well as chest pains (8) Several other uses have been reported in traditional medicine (9) and preliminary research for possible uses of this plant in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (8). Menthol from mint essential oil (45–85%) is an important ingredient of many cosmetics. Menthol as well as mint essential oil are also used in aromatherapy to alleviate post-surgery nausea (8,9).
MahnazMardaniet al/International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016,9(6),pp 293-298. 296
Phenolic compounds which are abundant in this plant have antimicrobial activities (10-13). Phenolic compound mostly have antioxidant activities which are effective in various diseases including diabetes mellitus (14-17), atherosclerosis (18-20), kidney toxicities (21-35), pain (36-39) and neurological diseases (40-45). Pharmaceutical active ingredients such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, Anthocyanin and… cause having therapeutic effects in herbal plants (46-57). Hence, Mentalongifolia which is an important plant might also possess these properties.
References
MahnazMardaniet al/International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016,9(6),pp 293-298 297
MahnazMardaniet al/International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2016,9(6),pp 293-298. 298
*****
PAGE Number = 299
Extra page: not to be printed
International Journal of PharmTech Research
log on to - www.sphinxsai.com
Indexed/Abstracted/ Ranked by Else vier SCOPUS- scimagojr.
|
International Journal of PharmTech Research is an open access Bimonthly Journal, 9 Years old. It contains more than 3500 published papers since 2009.
Subject areas: This journal publishes the Research and Review papers of the following subject/areas. Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biopharma, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacognosy, Analytical Chemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, , Medicinal Science, Clinical Pharmacy, Medichem, and applied related subject areas.
PAGE Number = 300
[1] RANKING:
It has been ranked from India (subject: Pharma Sciences) from India at International platform, by SCOPUS- scimagojr. It has topped in total number of CITES AND CITABLE DOCUMENTS.
Find more by clicking on SCOPUS-scimagojr SITE....AS BELOW..... http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=3000&category=0&country=IN&year=2013&order=tc&min=0&min_type=tc
Please log on to - www.sphinxsai.com
[2] Indexing and Abstracting.
International Journal of PharmTech Research is selected by -
CABI, CAS(USA), SCOPUS, MAPA (India), ISA(India),DOAJ(USA),Index Copernicus, Embase database, EVISA, DATA BASE(Europe), Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, Alabama,Worldcat , RGATE Databases/organizations, Beardslee Library Journals, Holland.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF University of SASKATCHEWAN,ResearchBible/Journal Seeker,
AYUSH India, ersa.lib.sjtu.edu.cn, many libraries for Indexing and Abstracting.
It is also in process for inclusion in various other databases/libraries.
[3] Editorial across the world.
[4] Authors across the world:
[5] It has good SJR [SCImago Journal Rank] =
http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19700175060&tip=sid&clean=0
Please log on to - www.sphinxsai.com
Search for the best References and submit your papers for publication.
www.sphinxsai.com
*****