2016-03-17T01:00:10+05:302016-03-17T01:00:01+05:302016-03-17T01:00:10+05:30Acrobat PDFMaker 11 for Worduuid:a131d3f6-fbb0-4c7d-aa49-60a38b0094cauuid:649c31fc-1883-491c-bdd7-8c938a893fe717xmlEffect of Culture Media and Epidermal Growth Factor Onnabil hemeidaAdobe PDF Library 11.0D:20160313162003<egyptian hak>
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.8, No.12 pp 227-235, 2015
The effect of coupled titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide on photo catalytic degradation of malachite green Hazim Y. Al-gubury Babylon University, College of Science for Women, Chemistry Department,Iraq Abstract: Photcatalytic degradation of malachite green using coupled TiO2-Co2O3, was studied, by the irradiation of suspended solution consists of 1ppm of malachite green with 0.12 g /100 ml of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 metal oxide semiconductor. This process used external source 125Watts mercury lamp. Al photo reaction inside a Pyrex photoreaction cell of 100 ml, with flow rate of air 10ml/ min at room temperature 298 K. Several experiments were carried out in various conditions to create optimum Photcatalytic degradation of malachite green. These experiments include effect of mass of coupled TiO2-Co2O3, concentration of malachite green, and the effect of light intensity. The products was studied by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Keywords: Photcatalytic degradation, malachite green. coupled TiO2-Co2O3, decolonization. Introduction Many semiconductors such as ZnO, TiO2, CdS, …..,are used to degrade organic and inorganic pollutant( industrial dyes ,pesticides, heavy metals in waste water , …) using photo catalytic degradation processes1,2. Photo catalytic process include use direct semiconductors by UV lamp or indirect excitation using visible lamp. If semiconductor irradiated by UV lamp the electrons promote from valance band to conduction band produce electrons in conduction band undergo photo reduction leaving positive hole in valance band inter photo oxidation processes. As shown in figure (1) : Figure1: General mechanism of the photocatalysis on semiconductor particle. Recently researcher modified different types of semiconductors using couple between titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide to avoid the harmful of ultra violet radiation and to extend the response to visible light3-5. Figure ( 2 ) : Schematic diagram representing the injection between two semiconductors Materials and Methods A-Chemicals:
3. Cobalt oxide (Co2O3) supplied by sigma-Aldrich.
B-Prepared Coupled Semiconductor (TiO2-Co2O3) : The coupled semiconductors (TiO2-Co2O3) was prepared by mixed 1g of titanium dioxide with different weights of Cobalt oxide. The mixture was crashed by mortar and pestle for 20 minutes. After that calcination the mixture in furnace (700Cº) for three hours, after calculating the products was crashed again. C - Photo reactor and Procedure: Experiments were carried out in glass photochemical reactor. The cylindrical annular – type reactor consisted of two parts. The first part was an outside thimble; running water was passed through the thimble to cool the reaction solution. Owing to thecontinues cooling, the temperature of the reaction solution was maintained of room temperature. The second part was an inside thimble and the reaction solution (volume 100 ml) was put in the reaction chamber. Schematic diagram of photochemical reaction as shown in figure (3): Figure 3 : Main parts of the photocatalytic cell used in Photcatalytic degradation of Malachite Green . C- Irradiation System A photo for photolysis apparatus is shown in figure (4) a 125Watts mercury lamp source is a focusing fitted with a focusing lens to ensure parallel beam of light.
Figure 4 : : photo for main parts of the photocatalytic degradation process cell Result and Discussion 1 - Effect mass catalyst of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 on photo catalytic degradation of malachite green : These experiments include using different masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 (0.03– 0.40 g/100 ml) to study Photcatalytic degradation of malachite green using 1 ppm of malachite green, flow rate of air 10 ml/min, and room temperature 298 K . Table (1) and Figure (5) represent photo catalytic degradation processes of malachite green at different loaded mass of coupled TiO2-Co2O3. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green, gradually increases as the masses coupled TiO2-Co2O3 increases until reach to the optimum photocatalytic activity 0.12 g /100ml, then gradually decreases. phtocatalytic degradation process at the masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 higher than 0.12 g /100 ml were decreases due to the light absorption will be limited only to the first layers of malachite green and the other layers of solution do not receive light photons. The other reason light scattering at high mass of coupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOcoupled TiOTable 1. The change of A t /A0 with irradiation time using different masses of zinc oxide.
Catalyst mass g /100 ml
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.22
0.40
Irradiation Time/min
At /A0
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
10
0.71
0.59
0.39
0.80
0.85
20
0.52
0.39
0.25
0.65
0.75
30
0.43
0.32
0.18
0.55
0.65
40
0.34
0.24
0.14
0.45
0.55
50
0.27
0.20
0.11
0.40
0.50
60
0.23
0.15
0.07
0.40
0.45
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91020406080At/A0Time/min0.03 g / 100 ml0.06 g / 100 ml0.12 g / 100 ml0.22 g / 100 ml0.40 g / 100 mlFigure 5 : The effect masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 on Photcatalytic degradation of malachite green. The results illustrated in table (2) and plotted in figure (6) which shows the pseudo first order reaction curve for various catalyst concentration according to Langmuir Hinshelwood relationship. Table 2: The change of lnA0/At with irradiation time on different masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3.
Catalyst mass g/100ml
0.03
0.05
0.12
0.22
0.40
Irradiation time/min
LnA0/At
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10
0.34
0.54
0.93
0.22
0.16
20
0.66
0.94
1.39
0.43
0.29
30
0.85
1.15
1.72
0.60
0.43
0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.000.005.0010.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.00ln A0/ AtTime / min0.03 g / 100 ml0.06 g / 100 ml0.12 g / 100 ml0.22 g / 100 ml0.40 g / 100 mlFigure 6 : The change of lnA0/At with irradiation time at different masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3. The kinetic results are plotted in figure (7) which shows that the rate constant of reaction generally increases with increase of photocatalyst concentration.
00.010.020.030.040.050.060.0700.10.20.30.40.5K min -1Mass of catalyst /g / 100 mlFigure 7: Effect of masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3 on rate constant. 2- The Effect of initial malachite green concentration on photo catalytic degradation processes : A serious of experiments have been done , the change concentration of malachaite green (1 – 10 ppm) on photocatalytic degradation process was studied using the optimum mass of coupled TiO8
. It has been noted that the rate of photocatalytic degradation of malachite green gradually decreases with the increasing of initial concentration. This behavior due to , the low concentration 1ppm was the best value to cover the largest area of the coupled TiO2-Co2O3 0.12g / 100 ml , the light intensity equal to 8.22 mW/cm 2, and temperature equal to 298 K ,with flow rate of air 10 ml / min . The results are listed in Table (3) and plotted in figure
2-Co2O3 8,10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table3. The change of At /A0 with irradiation time using different concentration of malachite green .
Concentration of malachite green / ppm
1
3
5
7
10
Irradiation Time/min
At /A0
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
10
0.65
0.73
0.84
0.88
0.93
20
0.49
0.61
0.73
0.78
0.85
30
0.38
0.51
0.67
0.71
0.79
40
0.32
0.44
0.61
0.66
0.75
50
0.24
0.39
0.55
0.60
0.69
60
0.23
0.35
0.54
0.59
0.67
00.20.40.60.811.2020406080A / A0Time / min1 ppm3 ppm5 ppm7 ppm10 ppmFigure 8: The change of ( A / A0 )with irradiation time at concentration of malachite green. The results illustrated in table (4) and plotted in figure (9) which shows the pseudo first order reaction curve for various catalyst concentrations according to Langmuir Hinshelwood relationship. Table 4: The change of lnA0/At with irradiation time on different masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3.
Catalyst mass g/100ml
0.03
0.05
0.12
0.22
0.40
Irradiation time/min
LnA0/At
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10
0.34
0.54
0.93
0.22
0.16
20
0.66
0.94
1.39
0.43
0.29
30
0.85
1.15
1.72
0.60
0.43
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9105101520253035ln A0/ AtTime / min1 ppm3 ppm5 ppm7 ppm10 ppmFigure 9 : The change of lnA0/At with irradiation time at different masses of coupled TiO2-Co2O3. 3 – Effect of light intensity on photocatalytic degradation process of malachite green . A serious of experiment were carry out to study the effect of light intensity rang (2.15 – 8.22 ) mW/cm2 .All experiments performed using optimum condition of masses of coupled TiO2 – Co2O3 ( 0.12 g / 100 ml ) , with initial concentration of malachite green 1 ppm, using flow rate of air bubbling at 10 ml/min, at room temperature 298K . Table ( 5) and figure( 10 ), clear the effect of light intensity on the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. photocatalytic degradation of malachite green increases with the increase of light intensity, the maximum value of light intensity 8.22 mW/cm11,13
. 2. Basically lamp production photons ,this photons increase electrons transfer from valance band to conduction band in the coupled TiO2-Co2O3 this process lead to increase photocatalytic process of malachite green
Table 5. The change of At /A0 with irradiation time using different light intensity.
light intensity/ mW/cm2
2.15
2.80
4.00
8.22
Irradiation Time/min
At /A0
0
1
1
1
1
10
0.93
0.82
0.73
0.45
20
0.81
0.65
0.56
0.19
30
0.69
0.55
0.43
0.11
40
0.55
0.46
0.34
0.10
50
0.51
0.39
0.31
0.09
60
0.46
0.37
0.29
0.08
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91010203040506070At/ A0Time / min8.22 mW / cm24.00 mW / cm22.80 mW / cm22.15mW / cm2Figure 10 : The change of ( A / A0 )with irradiation time at different light intensity with 0.12 g/100ml coupled TiO2-Co2O3 on photocatalytic degradation of malachite green . From the experiments photo catalytic degradation efficiency which is equal to 91.82 %. The results of the change in photocatalytic degradation efficiency (P.D.E) with light intensity plotted in figure 11 .
0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00100.001234567PDE %Time / min2.15 mW / cm22.80 mW / cm24.00 mW / cm28.22 mW / cm2Figure 11 : The change of Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency with irradiation time of different light intensity. Conclusion
1. In the absence of coupled semiconductor titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide there is no degradation occur .
2. Malachite green has been successfully degraded in presence of the catalyst and the light.
3. The best condition for Photcatalytic degradation of malachite green equal 0.12 g /100ml mass of coupled semiconductor titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide and 1 ppm concentration of malachite green and 8.22 mW/cm 2 .
Ackowledgments Insincerely thank for the University of Babylon, College of Science for Women, for providing the necessary infrastructural facilities during my research. References
1. Zhang D., Liu H., Han S, Piao W., Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2013, 19, 1838–1844 .
2. Chen S., Zhao M., and Tao Y.,Taiayangneng xuebao,1995, 16, 234-239 .
3. X. Y. Deng, and Z. Gao, Appl. Catal. Environ. B, 2002, 39, 135.
4. G. A. Epling, and C. Lin, Chemosphere, 2002, 46, 561.
5. S. J. Pearton, D. P. Noton, Y. W. Heo, and T. Steiner, Progress in Materials of Science, 2005, 50, 293.
6. Wanga K., Xu J., Hua X., Lia N., Chena M., Tenga F., Zhub Y., Yaob W., Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2014, 393, 302–308 .
8. Wanga Q., Li J., Bai Y., Lu X., Ding Y., Yin S., Huang H., Maa H., Wang F., Su B., Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology,2013, 126,pp 47–54 .
9. Saleh R., Febiana N., Superlattices and Microstructures,2014, 74, 217–233 .
10. Hazim Y. Al-Gubury, and Ghadeer S Al–Murshidy, International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 2015,8(.2), 289-297.
11. Alijani S., Vaez M., and Moghaddam A., International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2014, 5, 1 .
12. Kmahadwad O., Parikh P., Jasra R., and Patil C., Bull. Mater. Sci., 2011, 34, 3, 551–556.
13. Hazim Y Al-gubury, Eateman S Almaamory, Hedear H Alsaady and Ghadeer S Almurshidy. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences,2015,6(3), 215.
***** International Journal of ChemTech Research [
www.sphinxsai.com
] Publish your paper in Elsevier Ranked, SCOPUS Indexed Journal. [1] RANKING: has been ranked NO. 1. Journal from India (subject: Chemical Engineering) from India at International platform, by SCOPUS- scimagojr. It has topped in total number of CITES AND CITABLE DOCUMENTS.
Elsevier
www.sphinxsai.com
Find more by clicking on - SCOPUS SITE....AS BELOW..... http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=1500&category=1501&country=IN&year=2011&order=cd&min=0&min_type=cd Please log on to - [2] Indexing and Abstracting. International Journal of ChemTech Research is selected by - CABI, CAS(USA), SCOPUS, MAPA (India), ISA(India),DOAJ(USA),Index Copernicus, Embase database, EVISA, DATA BASE(Europe), Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, Alabama, RGATE Databases/organizations for Indexing and Abstracting. It is also in process for inclusion in various other databases/libraries. [3] Editorial across the world. [4] Authors across the world: For paper search, use of References, Cites, use of contents etc in- International Journal of ChemTech Research, Please log on to -
www.sphinxsai.com
*****