CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.10 No.9, pp 750-755, 2017
Abstract : Objectives: To identify the impact of internet used up on psychological health behavior among high schools adolescents students, and to find out relationship between the impact of internet used and high schools adolescents demographic characteristics of age, gender, parent's level of education, parent's occupation and socio-economic status. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design conducted for the period of October
th th
202016 to June 112017.By a systematic random sample of (200) student's is selected throughout the use of probability sampling approach. There are selected (5) schools out total number of schools, Each schools selected (40) students for the purpose of the study. A questionnaire and an interview with students self administration, data are collected from those who are studied in high school. It consist of two parts, which include students demographic characteristics; and psychological impact which composed of (17) items. The Reliability and validity of questionnaire was estimated through a pilot study and a panel of expert. The data were analyzed by the used descriptive statistical data analysis which included frequencies, percentages, standard deviation; and inferential statistical data analysis which include Ch-Square test. Results: The results reveals that the high school students influenced by their internet used in proportion of (52%) are partially impact, as well as, a relationship between internet used and fathers level of educationat (P >0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the overallpsychological impact of internet used by those who aged (16-20) years old are moderately impact, as well as fathers level of education affected their impact by the internet used in compared with the other characteristics as age, gender, parents occupation, and socio-economic status. Recommendation: The study recommends that the adolescent can be considered the target of programs of applying and reinforcing health education about utilization of internet and their used, as well as, mass media strategies need to be employed to increased individuals knowledge to show how dealing with development and maintenance so as to prevent misbehaviors and society's deviation. Key words: Impact, Psychological Health Behaviors, High School Students.
The Internet has become an integral part of many people's work and personal lives. The number of people online daily has nearly doubled over the past decade, according to research conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project. Since 1990s Internet users rapidly increasing and it is become one of the most important topic for the research(1) . Children and adolescents need to sleep longer and deeper for optimal health and development. Excessive time spent on Internet and electronic screen products can significantly disrupt their sleep-wake schedule, impacting on both quantity and quality of sleep. Among school-aged children, studies consistently found an association between screen time with delayed bedtime as well as shorter total sleep time (2). There is evidence that violent imagery in television, film, video, and computer games has short-term effects on subsequent thoughts and aggressive behavior in younger children (3) . Use of Internet and electronic screen products may have other adverse effects on health and development, especially for children under two and for children using these products without proper guidance or supervision. Studies found that children who started watching television at less than 12 months of age and watched television more than 2 hours a day were about 6 times as likely to have language delays as children without such exposure (4) .
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study design is carried to explore the impact of internet used upon health behaviors among high schools adolescent's students in Hilla City.
Sample of the study: A systematic random sample of (200) student's is selected throughout the use of probability sampling approach. There are selected (5) schools out total number of schools, Each schools selected
(40) students for the purpose of the study. According to the criteria of secondary schools in the center of Hilla City; and fourth and fifth grade in selected schools.
Study instrument: A questionnaire is constructed through extensive review of relevant literature. The questionnaire is used as a tool of data collection which includes the following
Part I: This part contains demographical data which include (age, gender, parent's education, parent's occupation and socio-economic status).
Part II: These part contain a physical impact which consist of (17) items are measured on 3-level type Liker Scale as 3 for never, 2 for some-time, and 1 for always.
Validity and Reliability: The content validity of the instrument was established through a panel of (12) experts, the reliability of the items were based on the internal consistency of the checklist was assessed by calculating Cronbach s' Alpha which as= 0.70.
Statistical analysis: The statistical data analysis approach by using (SPSS-ver.20) is used in order to analyze and evaluate the data of the study. A descriptive statistical data analysis approach used to describe the study variables: which include frequencies, percentages, and stander deviation; and Inferential statistical data analysis approach: used by application of the Chi-square test.
Table (1): Distribution of Adolescent's by their Demographic Characteristics
Demographic data | Rating | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
16 | 53 | 26.5 | |
17 | 58 | 29 | |
Age (years) | 18 | 57 | 28.5 |
19 | 20 | 10 | |
20 | 12 | 6 | |
Gender | Male | 100 | 50 |
Female | 100 | 50 | |
Father Level of education | Illiterate | 4 | 2 |
Primary school | 41 | 20.5 | |
Middle school | 22 | 11.0 | |
High school (secondary school) | 48 | 24 | |
Intermediate or diploma | 40 | 20 | |
Graduate or post-graduate | 36 | 18 | |
Profession or honors | 9 | 4.5 | |
Mothers level of education | Illiterate | 6 | 3 |
Primary school | 28 | 14 | |
Middle school | 15 | 7.5 | |
High school (secondary school) | 24 | 12 | |
Intermediate or diploma | 53 | 26.5 | |
Graduate or post-graduate | 60 | 30 | |
Profession or honors | 14 | 7 | |
Father occupation | Unskilled worker | 95 | 47.5 |
Unskilled worker | 11 | 5.5 | |
Semi-skilled worker | 10 | 5.0 | |
Skilled worker | 39 | 19.5 | |
Shop-owner, farmer | 11 | 5.5 | |
Semi-profession | 6 | 3 | |
Profession | 28 | 14 | |
Mothers occupation | Unskilled worker | 39 | 19.5 |
Unskilled worker | 5 | 2.5 | |
Semi-skilled worker | 2 | 1.0 | |
Skilled worker | 1 | 0.5 | |
Profession | 153 | 76.5 | |
Economic status | High | 54 | 27.0 |
Moderate | 101 | 50.5 | |
Low | 45 | 22.5 | |
Total | 200 | 100 |
This table reveals that the (29%) are within second age group (17) years old. Regarding gender, the majority of them (50%) of the study sample is male and the remaining is female. Concerning class stage, results indicate that the (54.5%) are fifth stage. In addition, most of them (89%) are success. Regarding parents education, sample of the study indicated that the (24%) of father are secondary school and (30%) of mothers are graduate or post-graduate. Concerning occupation, (47.5%) of fathers are unskilled worker and (76.5%) of mothers are profession. Finally in this table socio-economic status, the study results indicate that (50.5%) are making moderate socio-economic status.
Table (2): Distribution of Adolescent's by their Overall Psychological Impact
Adolescent's overall psychological impact | Rating | F | % | M.S. | S.d. | Impact |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Always | 68 | 34 | 1.87 | 0.38 | Sometime | |
Sometime | 104 | 52 | ||||
Never | 28 | 14 | ||||
Total | 200 | 100 |
This table shows that the majority of the (52%) sometime psychological adolescent's impact.
Demographic data | Rating | Overall evaluation | d.f | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Always | Sometime | Never | |||||
Age / years | 16 | 13 | 35 | 5 | 11.936 | 8 | 0.154 NS |
17 | 26 | 26 | 6 | ||||
18 | 18 | 29 | 10 | ||||
19 | 5 | 10 | 5 | ||||
20 | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
Gender | Male | 37 | 52 | 11 | 1.815 | 2 | 0.404 NS |
Female | 31 | 52 | 17 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
Fathers level of education | Illiterate | 1 | 3 | 0 | 20.670 | 12 | 0.055 S |
Primary school | 15 | 18 | 8 | ||||
Middle school | 9 | 12 | 1 | ||||
High school (secondary school) | 13 | 31 | 4 | ||||
Intermediate or diploma | 10 | 25 | 5 | ||||
Graduate or postgraduate | 15 | 11 | 10 | ||||
Profession or honors | 5 | 4 | 0 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
Mothers level of education | Illiterate | 2 | 4 | 0 | 12.006 | 12 | 0.445 NS |
Primary school | 12 | 13 | 3 | ||||
Middle school | 8 | 6 | 1 | ||||
High school (secondary school) | 8 | 13 | 3 | ||||
Intermediate or diploma | 16 | 32 | 5 | ||||
Graduate or postgraduate | 19 | 27 | 14 | ||||
Profession or honors | 3 | 9 | 2 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
Fathers occupation | Unskilled worker | 34 | 49 | 12 | 10.744 | 12 | 0.551 NS |
Unskilled worker | 3 | 8 | 0 | ||||
Semi-skilled worker | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||
Skilled worker | 11 | 23 | 5 |
Shop-owner, farmer | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Semi-profession | 1 | 4 | 1 | ||||
Profession | 12 | 12 | 4 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
Mothers occupation | Unskilled worker | 18 | 15 | 6 | 7.955 | 8 | 0.438 NS |
Unskilled worker | 1 | 3 | 1 | ||||
Semi-skilled worker | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Skilled worker | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Profession | 48 | 84 | 21 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 59 | ||||
Socio-economic status | High | 18 | 28 | 8 | 0.415 | 4 | 0.981 NS |
Moderate | 33 | 54 | 14 | ||||
Low | 17 | 22 | 6 | ||||
Total | 68 | 104 | 28 | ||||
This table presented the relationship between adolescent's demographic characteristics and their psychological internet impact, results indicate that there is a non-significant association between the adolescent's with psychological impact and their demographic characteristics at p-value more than 0.05, except with their class stage and fathers education, there is a significant association with adolescent's psychological impact at p-value less than 0.05.
Results reveals that the (29%) are within second age group (17) years old. Regarding gender, the majority of them (50%) of the study sample is male and the remaining is female. These result are consistent with the study who has studied the impact of social network sites upon adolescent's health behaviors for preparatory schools in AL-Diwaniyah City Center. Their result indicate that the most of the study subjects are within an age group of (18-19) year old, and most of them are males it constituted (58.8%) out total of the study sample(5) .
Regarding parents education, sample of the study indicated that the (24%) of father are secondary school and (30%) of mothers are graduate or post-graduate. Parent's education, is one of the most important factors that determine the adolescents learning, these findings reflected that the adolescents parent were formal educated, and this is important issue in Iraq where there is a some interesting for learning and to complete education due to the lack of vacancies due to unemployment and the economic situation of the country
Concerning occupation, (47.5%) of fathers are unskilled worker and (76.5%) of mothers are profession. Employed and unskilled worker parents this is a good indicator for improving economic state, and stability of policy situation
Socio-economic status, the study results indicate that (50.5%) are making moderate socio-economic status. These results come consistent with study of harmful effects of media on Adolescents in North India. Their finding of these study indicated that the most of the study sample are making moderately socio-economic
(6)
status.
Results reveals that the majority of the (52%) sometime psychological adolescent's impact. In view of point the secondary schooled stage due to the same physical effects as adding to the category of adolescents where they are more psychologically affected than others, in addition to the openness in life and the difference in values, which resulted in the value struggle between young people and the behaviors and behaviors emanating from other cultures that are intertwined with the culture of society and the cultural situation of the world order. The traditional character of culture is collapsing in the face of progress, development and modernization.
Results reveals that there is a non-significant association between the adolescent's with psychological impact and their demographic characteristics at p-value more than 0.05, except with their father level of education, there is a significant relationship at p-value less than 0.05. In a study who has studied the impact of social network sites upon adolescent's health behaviors for preparatory schools in a center of AL-Diwaniyah City. Their findings indicated that most demographic data are insignificant with internet used(5) .
The study concludes that the internet is the favorite network program used by the adolescents, it is a most of them are mild adolescents stage and presented with moderate socio-economic status as being formally educated their parents due to employment. Impact of internet used in term of psychological, students moderately impact. As well as the fathers level of education affected their impact by the internet used.
The adolescent can be considered the target of programs of applying and reinforcing health education about utilization of internet and their used. It is also, community health organization need to be applying and reinforcing health education with regard to the use of social media networks sites. As well as mass media strategies need to be employed to increased individuals knowledge to show how dealing with development and maintenance so as to prevent misbehaviors and society's deviation.
Helped people without charge and supported me for assistance in my career scientific, I wish to express my grateful thanks to Dean of Nursing College / University of Babylon my supervisor. I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the validation for the thesis, without their participation and comments; the validation of thesis could not have been successfully conducted. I take this opportunity to express gratitude to all of the Department faculty members for their helped and supported for me. I would also thanks to the members of the Library College of Nursing University of Babylon who had provided the thesis sources to reach the goal of my study.
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