|
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: 0974-4304, ISSN(Online): 2455-9563 Vol.9, No.12, pp 88-96, 2016
|
Effect of Soil Application with Humic and Amino acid on Vegetative Growth, Nutritional Statues, Yield and Fruit Quality of Grande Naine Banana Plants
Amin O.A.1*, Nehad M. A. Abdel Gawad2, Hala E. Emam1 and
Eman A. A. Abd El- Moneim1
1Horticultural Crops Technology Dept., National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2Tropical Fruit Research Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Abstract : This study was carried out in a private orchard, at El-khatataba region, Minofia governorate on ‘Grande Naine’ banana plants grown in sand soil during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of different levels of humic acid(0.0, 5.0 and 10.0 g/L/plants/year) and amino acid (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/L/plants/year either alone or in combinations. They were added into four doses during the first week of April to July on vegetative growth, Leaf(N, P, and K), content, yield, bunch characteristics and finger parameters were determined. The results indicated that, all treatments with humic acid and amino acid alone or in combinations treatments increased all vegetative growth parameter under study in both seasons .Meanwhile, soil applied with humic acid and amino acid combination increased leaf (N) and (K) content in both seasons .In addition, the treatment of soil applied with l.0g /L humic acid +lg/L amino acid gave the highest values for the above yield and Bunch weight. However, fruit quality (physical and chemical characteristics) was significantly improved by soil applied with different humic and amino acid treatments either alone or in combinations.
Keywords : Humi acid - vegetative growth - Banana plants -Amino acid- yield and fruit quality.
Introduction
Banana (Musa Cavendishi Lamb) is considered as one of the most important fruit in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Banana fruits are considered good source of energy and vitamins A;B6 and C 1. Using banana compost and chicken manure induced similar nitrogen fertilizer and gave the best fruit characteristics 2. Fertilization is an important and limiting factor for growth and productivity of banana plants because banana plants remove large amounts of nutrients from the soil,among these nutrients, nitrogen is considered the prime nutrient for growth of plants.
Humic materialsmay also increase root growth in a similar manner to auxins 3. However, Humic acid increases plant growth through chelating different nutrients to overcome the lack and nutrients and have appositive effectson growth increase, production and quality improvement of agricultural products due to having hormonel compounds 4.Humic acid foliar spray has remarkable effects on
vegetative growth of plant and increases photosynthetic activity and leaf area index 5. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of soil application with Humic and Amino acid at different concentrations either alone or in combinations on vegetative growth, nutrients yield and fruit quality of banana plants.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out in a private orchard at EL-Khatataba region, Minofia Governorate Egypt, during the seasons of 2014 and 2015 seasons of Grande Naine plant, the suckers were planted 3x3.5m. a part in March 2013 mother plant. The experimental soil in texture and deficient in fertility according to mechanical and chemical analysis (Table1)
Table (1): Soil characteristics of the banana plantation at the start of the experiment.
Physical character |
value |
chemical constitute |
value |
Clay % |
5 |
N |
0.90 |
Silt % |
5 |
P |
0.28 |
Sand % |
90 |
K |
0.35 |
Texture |
Sandy |
Available micro nutrients (ppm) |
|
Esmmhos / cm 1:2.5 |
1.5 |
Zn |
0.28 |
pH |
8.29 |
Fe |
2.38 |
Organic matter % |
0.65 |
Mn |
0.58 |
CaCo3 |
1.60 |
|
|
Compositionof amino acid(Table 2): The amino acids contained in amino Zaid 42/85 in L-α type (alpha position) , total amino acids college boat and 85% (free amino acids super concentrate 42.3%) and containing 10% organic nitrogen + 2.5% potassium oxide
Table (2): Typical amino acid profile (W/W %):
Amino acids |
% |
Amino acids |
% |
Aspartic |
3.29% |
Lysine |
1.75% |
Tyrosine |
0.52% |
Arginine |
4.57% |
Glutamic |
8.18% |
Histidine |
0.56% |
Glycin |
2.03% |
Proline |
3.96% |
Alanine |
2.26% |
Phenyl alanine |
0.99% |
Valine |
2.51% |
Serine |
4.99% |
Isoleucine |
1.11% |
Threonine |
3.57% |
Leucine |
2.03% |
|
|
Composition of humic acid: Guaranteed analysis, Humic acid 80%; potassium (K2O) 10-12%;Zn,Fe,Mn,etc. 100ppm.
Experimental plants received the same horticulture practices expected for the amount and applied treatments. The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of humic and amino acids on vegetative growth, nutritional status, yield and fruit quality of Grande Naine banana plants. This experiment consisted of humic acid at three levels (0.0,5.0 and 10g/L/plant/year)and amino acid at three levels(0.0,0.5 and 1.0 g/L/plant/year) as alone or in combinations added into four doses equal as aliquid suspension during the first week of April to July for each seasons.
Growth characters:
Al bunch shooting stage, the following growth characteristics were recorded: pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference (cm), number of green leaves per plant as well as assimilation area/plant (m2) was determined using the equation = leaf area x number of green leaves plant 6. Data of each plant were individually recorded: Bunch characteristics: number and hand /bunch and number of finger /hand were determined finger parameters: finger weight, length and diameter were determined.
Yield characteristics:
At time of harvest, bunch weight/kg and yield/ton was determined.
Leaf chemical constituents:
From each treatment, a 10 cm2 from the third leaf from the top of the plant in each individual plant at bunch shooting stage was taken. Total nitrogen was determined by micro-kjeldahle method as described by 7, phosphorus was determined by according to the method of 8 and K was determined by using the Atomic absorption Spectrometers (Perkin – Elemer, Model 3300) according to the methods described by 8.
Statistical analysis:
The obtained data was subjected to analysis of variance, for factorial plot design in a randomized complete blocks with five plants in replicates and three replicates in each treatment9. The mean was compared by using the method of new least significant differences (New L.S.D at 0.05) described by 10.
Results and Discussion
1-Vegetative growth:
Data tabulated in table (3) disclosed that, all combination treatment raised pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference and number of green leaves / plant as compared with the other treatment or the control in both seasons. However, soil applied with 10g/L humicacid + 1 g/L Amino acid ; 10 g/L humic acid + 0.5 g/L amino acidand 5g/L humic acid +1 g/L amino acid treatments gave the highest pseudostem height and pseudostem circumference followed by soil applied with 5 g/L humic acid +0.5 g/L amino acid as compared with the other used treatments or the control in both seasons. Meanwhile, soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid +1 g/L amino acid in both seasons treatment gave general higher values of number of green leaves/plant as compared with the other used treatments and the control. On the other hand, the plants which were fertilized with either humic acid (at 5 and 10 g/L) andamino acid at 0.5 g/L reflected the least values of all fruiting parameters during both seasons of study.
Table (3): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on some vegetative growth of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
Pseudostem height(cm) |
Pseudostem circumference(cm) |
No. of green leaves/plant |
|||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
229.67f |
241.33e |
67.33f |
6867f |
9.67f |
9.33f |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
270.33e |
278.33d |
75.00e |
73.33e |
10.33ef |
1033def |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
274.00e |
281.33d |
78.67de |
76.67de |
10.33ef |
10.67cde |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
289.33d |
283.33cd |
82.33cd |
80.33cd |
10.67def |
10.00ef |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
295.33c |
291.33bc |
85.00bc |
78.67cd |
11.00cde |
10.67cde |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
300.00b |
292.00bc |
86.33bc |
81.67c |
11.67bcd |
11.33bcd |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
307.00a |
297.67ab |
88.33ab |
82.67bc |
12.00abc |
11.67abc |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
306.00a |
302.67a |
90.67a |
86.33b |
12.67ab |
12.33ab |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
306.33a |
305.00a |
91.00a |
91.00a |
13.00a |
12.67a |
It is clear from table (4) that leaf area and assimilation area of Grand Naine banana plants were significantly promoted by soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid +1 g/L amino acid as well as 10 g/L humic acid +0.5 g/L amino acid followed by soil applied with 5 g /L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid as compared with the other used treatment or the control of both seasons. On the other hand, no significant difference was obtained between humic acid and amino acid were used when leaf area and assimilation area were concerned in both seasons. Also all treatments under investigation increased leaf area and assimilation area as compared with the control during both seasons.
Table (4): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on leaf assimilation area of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
Leaf area (cm2) |
Assimilation area (m2/plant) |
||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
1.53f |
1.56e |
14.81d |
14.51d |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
2.00e |
1.91d |
20.60c |
19.68c |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
2.23d |
1.82d |
23.10c |
19.39c |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
2.13de |
1.90d |
22.69c |
19.06c |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
2.18d |
1.98d |
23.87c |
21.15c |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
2.57c |
2.49c |
30.05b |
28.19b |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
2.69bc |
2.66bc |
32.33b |
31.02b |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
2.83ab |
2.79ab |
35.88a |
34.41a |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
2.90a |
2.87a |
37.68a |
36.32a |
Generally, all treatments with humic acid and amino acid alone or in combinations treatment considerably increased vegetative growth of Grand Naine plants under study in both seasons. Humic acid materials maybe increased root growth in manner similar to auxine. The available literature in this concern was reported by 11 on banana Williams; 12 on grape and 13 on banana plants, they reported that humic acid increased growth parameters and caused noticeable increase in height and girth pseudostem; number of green leaves and accelerated fruit maturity.
2-Leaf nutrient contents:
Table (5) shows that the highest percentage of N content (3.23 and 3.20) resulted from soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid +1 g/L amino acid treatment in both seasons as well as soil applied with 5 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid treatment (3.18 and 3.17) in both seasons, respectively,
Meanwhile, the lowest percentage of N content (2.68 and 2.72) was produced from the control in the 2014 and 2015 seasons. On the other hand, no significant difference was obtained between all different concentration of humic acid ; amino acid the control were used when leaf phosphorus content were concerned in both seasons. Also, all treatments under investigation increased leaf K content during the two seasons. However, the highest K(%) was recorded with 5 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid, 10 g/L humic acid +0.5 g/L amino acid; 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid in the first season as well as 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid in the second season as compared with the other used treatments the control in both seasons.
Generally, soil applied with humic acid and amino acid combination increased leaf N and K content in both seasons. Also, leaf P was not affected in both seasons. The present influence of humic acid was attributed to their positive action on the biosynthesis of proteins and carbohydrates 14. Meanwhile, it humic acid is also considered to improve soil nitrogen uptake and encourage the uptake of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, making these more mobile and available to plant root system (15,16).
Table (5): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on leaves contents of N, P, K of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
N (%) |
P (%) |
K (%) |
|||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
2.68g |
2.72e |
0.22a |
0.22a |
3.12f |
3.58e |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
2.76f |
2.87d |
0.22a |
0.21a |
3.33e |
3.81d |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
2.88e |
2.91d |
0.23a |
0.22a |
3.42d |
3.92c |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
2.96d |
3.00c |
0.22a |
0.21a |
3.48c |
3.93c |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
3.05c |
3.04c |
0.22a |
0.21a |
3.49bc |
3.96c |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
3.15b |
3.12b |
0.23a |
0.23a |
3.54b |
4.05b |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
3.18a |
3.17ab |
0.23a |
0.23a |
3.61a |
4.06ab |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
3.17ab |
3.18ab |
0.22a |
0.21a |
3.65a |
4.06ab |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
3.23a |
3.20a |
0.21a |
0.22a |
3.64a |
4.12a |
3-Yield and bunch weight:
Table (6) shows that yield /fed and bunch weight tented to increase by all combinations treatment under study in both tested seasons respectively. The obtained data also shows that the heaviest bunches (29.11 and 31.20kg/plant) and yield (32.02 and 34.32 ton/fed.) were obtained from the plants soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid + 0.5g/L amino acid as well as 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acidwhilst the highest bunches (16.38kg/plant) and yield (18.02 ton/fed.) were obtained from the plants soil applied with 5 g/L humic acid in the first season.
Generally, it could be concluded that the treatment of soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g /L amino acid gave the highest values for the above yield and bunch weight of Grande Naine banana, the available literature in this concern were reported by 17 on banana plants; (11,18)on crimson seedless grapevine. They reported that, soil applied with humic acid with organic fertilizer significantly increased yield than the organic fertilizer alone.
Table (6): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on yield and bunch characteristics of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
Bunch weight (kg) |
Yield (ton/feddan) |
||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
14.18f |
15.45de |
15.60f |
16.99de |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
16.38ef |
14.26e |
18.02ef |
15.68e |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
18.18de |
18.61cd |
19.99de |
20.47cd |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
19.81cd |
16.40cde |
21.79cd |
18.04cde |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
22.39bc |
19.65c |
24.63bc |
21.61c |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
25.57b |
23.51b |
28.12b |
25.86b |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
25.50b |
23.61b |
28.05b |
25.97b |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
29.11a |
24.79b |
32.02a |
27.27b |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
31.20a |
28.98a |
34.32a |
31.87a |
4-Fruit characteristics:
It is clear from table(7) that all combination treatments were significantly more superior in improving most of the studies parameters of both seasons as it increased the number of hands/bunch; hand weight; number of fingers/hand and finger weight as compared with the other used treatments. The highly remarkable positive difference in this respect was observed when the plants were soil applied with either 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid or 10 g/L humicacid + 0.5 g/L amino acidas compared with the other used treatments in both seasons. On the other hand, the plants which were soil applied with either 5 g/L humic acid; 10 g/L humic acid reflected the least values of all physical characterististics parameters during both seasons of study.
Table (7): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on physical characteristics of bunch and fingers of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
No. hands/bunch |
Hand weight (kg) |
No. fingers/hand |
Finger weight (g) |
||||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
10.00e |
10.67cd |
1.42f |
1.45e |
15.00e |
15.67de |
94.67d |
92.67d |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
11.00de |
10.00d |
1.49ef |
1.43e |
15.67de |
15.33e |
95.00d |
93.33cd |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
11.33d |
11.67bc |
1.60de |
1.60de |
16.67cd |
16.67bcde |
96.33d |
95.67cd |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
12.00cd |
10.67cd |
1.65cd |
1.54de |
17.00c. |
16.33cde |
97.00d |
94.00cd |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
12.67bc |
11.67bc |
1.77c |
1.68cd |
17.33bc |
17.33abcd |
102.00c |
97.00c |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
13.00abc |
12.67ab |
1.96b |
1.86bc |
18.33ab |
18.33ab |
107.00b |
101.33b |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
12.67bc |
12.33ab |
2.01b |
1.92ab |
18.33ab |
18.33ab |
109.67b |
104.67b |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
13.33ab |
12.33ab |
2.18a |
2.00ab |
18.67a |
18.00abc |
117.00a |
111.33a |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
14.00a |
13.67a |
2.23a |
2.12a |
19.00a |
18.67a |
117.33a |
113.67a |
Also, data in table (8) indicated that growth parameters of plant i.e. (finger length, finger diameter and pulp weight) were gradually and significantly increased by soil applied with all combination treatments as compared with the other treatments and the control in both seasons. Meanwhile, soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid + 0.5 g/L amino acid in the first season as well as the control in the both seasons gave the highest peel weight as compared with the other used treatments in both seasons. However, soil applied with 5 g/L humic acid + 0.5 g/L amino acid in both seasons as well as soil applied with 10 g/L humic acid + 1 g/L amino acid and soil applied with 0.5 g/L amino
acid in the second season treatment gave general higher values of pulp/peet ratio as compared with the other used treatments and the control in both seasons.
Generally, fruit physical characteristics such as (No. hands/bunch; hand weight; No. fingers/hand; finger weight; finger length and finger diameter) were improved by different studied treatments. These results are in harmony with those reported by 19 on canino apricot trees and 20 on Grande Naine banana plants. They reported that fruit physical characteristics were improved by the different soil applied treatments.
Table (8): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on some fruit physical characteristics of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
Finger length (cm) |
Finger diameter (cm) |
pulp weight (g) |
Peel weight (g) |
Pulp/peel (ratio) |
|||||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
14.30f |
15.05d |
3.46f |
3.47d |
58.67f |
58.00f |
36.00a |
34.67a |
1.63f |
1.70c |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
15.06e |
14.17e |
3.53e |
3.44d |
65.00e |
62.33e |
30.00b |
31.00abc |
2.17e |
2.03bc |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
15.82d |
16.30bc |
3.60d |
3.60c |
69.00d |
65.33de |
27.33bc |
30.33abc |
2.56cde |
2.15ab |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
16.35c |
15.90c |
3.61d |
3.50d |
68.67d |
67.33d |
28.33bc |
26.67c |
2.43de |
2.55a |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
16.75c |
16.52b |
3.72c |
3.68c |
76.33c |
68.00cd |
25.67cd |
29.00bc |
3.01bc |
2.35ab |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
17.42b |
17.95a |
3.91b |
3.88a |
84.00b |
72.33b |
23.00d |
29.00bc |
3.67a |
2.51a |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
18.15a |
17.87a |
3.92b |
3.78b |
84.00b |
71.00bc |
25.67cd |
33.67ab |
3.29ab |
2.15ab |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
18.17a |
18.15a |
3.99a |
3.91a |
86.67ab |
79.00a |
30.33a |
32.33ab |
2.86bcd |
2.44ab |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
18.30a |
18.23a |
4.02a |
3.93a |
89.67a |
81.33a |
27.67bc |
32.33ab |
3.26ab |
2.52a |
Data tabulated in table (9) disclosed that T.S.S. content; T.S.S./acidity and total sugar increased by soil applied with all combinations treatment in both seasons as compared with the other used treatments and the control. Meanwhile, all combination treatments with soil applied significantly decreased total acidity % compared with all treatments with humic ,amino acid and the control in both seasons , moreover, it was observed that soil applied with 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid in both seasons as well as soil applied with10g/L amino acid +1g/L amino acid in the first season resulted in the lowest value in total acidity% applied with 10g /L humic + 0.5g L amino acid and 10g/L humic acid + 1g/L amino acid in both seasons treatment gave general higher values of increasing sugar contents as compared with the other used treatments and the control. Besides in both seasons soil applied with 10g/L humic + 0.5g /L amino acid and 10g/L humic acid + 1g/L amino acid decreased significantly starch content followed by soil applied with 5g/L humic acid +1g/L amino acid treatment as compared with the other used treatments and the control.
Generally, all combination treatments increased most fruit chemical properties under study.
The favorable effect of humic and amino acid on fruit chemical properties is in accordance with reported by 13;21 and22. They reported that amino acid and humic acid applied with high rate combined by the highest microelement levels were demonstrating the favorable treatments of Grand Naine banana plants.
Table (9): Effect of soil applied with humic acid and amino acid on some fruit chemical characteristics of Grand Naine banana plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatment |
Total soluble solids (T.S.S) (%) |
Total acidity (T.A.) (%) |
T.S.S/Acidity |
Total sugar |
Starch |
|||||
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
T1:Control (recommended doses) |
19.20g |
21.00b |
0.43a |
0.41ab |
44.77e |
51.66c |
16.53f |
16.72cd |
2.13a |
2.08ab |
T2: 5g/L humic acid |
21.04f |
19.29d |
0.42ab |
0.44a |
50.12de |
44.25d |
17.55e |
16.12e |
2.09ab |
2.11a |
T3: 10g/L humic acid |
21.26e |
20.52c |
0.40abc |
0.40b |
53.64cd |
51.78c |
17.84d |
16.51d |
2.06b |
2.04b |
T4: 0.5g/L amino acid |
21.62d |
20.85bc |
0.39bc |
0.41b |
55.11cd |
50.54c |
17.99cd |
16.85c |
1.95c |
1.93c |
T5: 1g/L amino acid |
21.90c |
20.98b |
0.38cd |
0.40b |
57.81c |
52.05c |
18.34ab |
16.88c |
1.88d |
1.89c |
T6: 5g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
2198bc |
21.99a |
0.35de |
0.35c |
63.50b |
62.31b |
18.09bcd |
17.16b |
1.78e |
1.73d |
T7: 5g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
22.03b |
21.87a |
0.33ef |
0.37c |
67.46ab |
59.69b |
18.20bc |
17.16b |
1.65f |
1.63e |
T8: 10g/L humic acid+0.5g/L amino acid |
22.20a |
22.12a |
0.31f |
0.31d |
70.97a |
70.81a |
18.49a |
18.28a |
1.44g |
1.50f |
T9: 10g/L humic acid+1g/L amino acid |
22.26a |
22.18a |
0.31f |
0.36c |
72.15a |
62.26b |
18.62a |
18.47a |
1.43g |
1.50f |
References
*****